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China aims to build 12,000 centralized charging stations and 4.8 million separate charging piles by 2020 to meet the charging needs of 5 million electric vehicles nationwide, according to the development guideline (2015-2020) issued by the National Development and Reform Commission.

The guidelines clearly set the overall goal for the development of China's electric vehicle charging infrastructure during the 13th five-year plan period, as well as regional and site construction targets.

Development guidelines require new housing PeiJian charging infrastructure or reserved parking Spaces should be 100% construction installation conditions, large public buildings PeiJian parking lot, public charging infrastructure or reserved parking lot construction installation conditions of no less than 10% proportion of parking, every 2000 electric cars should at least form a complete set to build a public charging stations.

In addition, local governments should assume the main responsibility for the development of charging infrastructure, and bring the development of charging infrastructure into the special management of the government. Before the end of March 2016, we will release the development plan for charging infrastructure, formulate and promulgate the management measures for charging infrastructure construction and operation, and implement them.

Guidance on the development of electric vehicle charging infrastructure (2015-2020)

One, foreword

With the continuous improvement of China's economic and social development level, car ownership continues to climb. Vigorously developing electric vehicles can accelerate fuel substitution and reduce automobile exhaust emissions, which is of great significance for ensuring energy security, promoting energy conservation and emission reduction, preventing and controlling air pollution, and promoting China's transition from a major automobile country to a major automobile country.

Charging infrastructure mainly includes all kinds of centralized charging and changing stations and distributed charging piles. A complete charging infrastructure system is an important guarantee for the popularization of electric vehicles. It is an urgent task to accelerate the popularization and application of electric vehicles and an important strategic measure to promote the energy consumption revolution to further vigorously promote the construction of charging infrastructure.

In order to implement the strategic deployment of the State Council on accelerating the promotion and application of new energy vehicles, this guide is formulated according to the development plan for energy-saving and new energy vehicles industry (2012-2020) (guo fa [2012] no. 22), with a period of 2015-2020.

Second, the foundation of development

Since the 12th five-year plan, China has made breakthroughs in the development of charging infrastructure, accumulated experience and laid a foundation for further development.

Steady progress was made in building facilities. In order to implement the requirements of national new energy vehicle demonstration, promotion and application, governments at all levels and relevant enterprises have actively carried out the construction of charging infrastructure. In addition to some large central enterprises, local state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and foreign enterprises are also gradually involved in the construction of charging infrastructure. By the end of 2014, 780 charging stations and 31,000 ac and dc charging piles had been built nationwide, providing charging and changing services for more than 120,000 electric vehicles.

Charging network gradually formed. Combined with the demonstration and promotion of new energy vehicles, a large-scale urban charging service network has been built in shenzhen, hangzhou, hefei and other places, an intercity charging service network has been preliminarily built in suzhou, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Macao, qingyin and other expressways, and an interprovincial charging service network has basically been built along the beijing-shanghai, beijing-hongkong-macao, qingyin and other expressways.

The level of technology is constantly improving. Ac and dc charging piles, two-way charging and discharging machines, rapid battery replacement systems and other equipment have been made in China. New charging technologies such as wireless charging and mobile charging have been piloted. Charging infrastructure monitoring, metering, billing and protection technology is increasingly mature; The level of informatization and automation of charging infrastructure has been constantly improved; Pilot applications have been launched to integrate charging infrastructure with new energy, smart grid and smart transportation technologies.

The standard system has been gradually improved. Has been basically established charging infrastructure standard system in our country, including the terminology, power battery box, charging system and equipment, filling in electric interface, electrical systems and equipment, filling/change power station and service network, the construction and operation, additional equipment such as eight part, about 60 standard, influence gradually increases in international standards.

Support policies have been introduced. Countries continue to intensify policy support for charging infrastructure, issued by the general office of the state council about accelerate the "instructional advice on the popularization and application of the new energy vehicles (countries do hair [2014] no. 35), the relevant departments to formulate supporting support policy, has been charging prices, fiscal incentives, such as file, other policies will be posted. Some provincial and municipal governments have also introduced supporting policies such as fiscal subsidies for charging infrastructure and guiding prices for charging services.

3. Problems and challenges

Charging infrastructure is in its initial stage at home and abroad. Because it involves urban planning, construction land, transformation of buildings and distribution network, installation conditions of residential areas, investment and operation mode, etc., there are many stakeholders and it is difficult to promote.

The uncertainty of electric vehicle and its charging technology is great. The electric vehicle industry is still in the early stage of development, and key technologies such as power battery and charging are developing rapidly. There are great differences in charging demands corresponding to different technical schemes, which increases the difficulty in the construction and management of charging infrastructure, increases the risk of investment and operation, and affects the enthusiasm of social capital to participate.

Charging infrastructure is out of step with the development of electric vehicles. In the process of the development of electric vehicle industry, the problem of paying attention to cars but not to charging infrastructure generally exists. On the one hand, electric vehicles are growing fast in some regions, but the scale of charging infrastructure construction is insufficient. On the other hand, due to the low acceptance of electric vehicles by users and local protection, the growth of electric vehicles is generally lower than expected, coupled with the unreasonable construction layout of some charging infrastructure and poor universality of facilities, the utilization rate of charging infrastructure is low.

Charging infrastructure construction is difficult. Charging infrastructure construction needs planning, land use, electricity and other preconditions, which involve multiple competent departments and related enterprises in the implementation process. Building charging infrastructure in social parking places is difficult to coordinate in the face of numerous scattered interest subjects. In the field of private passenger cars, a large number of parking Spaces are not fixed users do not have the installation conditions; For users with installation conditions, there are owners committee does not support and property service enterprises do not cooperate. In addition, the charging infrastructure also involves the transformation of public power grid, power facilities on the user side and road pipelines, which also increases the construction difficulty.

A mature business model for charging services has yet to emerge. In some cities, public transport, taxi and other specific areas, through the implementation of fuel prices, peak and valley electricity prices, charging service charges and other measures, the exploration of business models has made some progress, but still does not have the conditions for widespread application. In the field of public charging service for the public, the exploration of business model is in the initial stage. Due to the small number of electric vehicles, low utilization rate of facilities, imperfect price mechanism and other reasons, charging service enterprises generally suffer losses.

The charging infrastructure standard system needs to be improved. Charging infrastructure equipment interface, communication protocol and other technical standards need to be improved. Some of the promulgated technical standards have not been strictly implemented, resulting in different brands of electric vehicles and different manufacturers of charging infrastructure incompatible, charging convenience greatly decreased. Charging infrastructure related engineering construction standards to be further improved. The charging infrastructure is not unified with the communication protocol, settlement system and other standards of the charging service platform, and the service capacity and quality of the charging service platform fail to meet the needs of users.

Supporting policies still need to be strengthened. Part of the local government to the attention of the charging infrastructure development degree is insufficient, lack of necessary support policy, in the urban construction and related planning to consider charging infrastructure is insufficient, the long-term land of charging infrastructure policy remains to be further defined and refined, the fiscal and taxation policy support and the electric car charging infrastructure support policies do not match, for the lack of social capital attraction, parking lot on residential areas, and society coordinated push installation difficult places like enough.

Demand forecasting

According to our country in the bus, taxi, sanitation vehicle, such as logistics, public and private passenger vehicles in areas such as automotive growth trend, combined with the national policy for new energy automobile application related and planning objectives, by the calculation, in 2020 the national electric car ownership of more than 5 million, of which more than 200000 cars, electric buses, electric taxi more than 300000 vehicles, electric sanitation vehicle, such as more than 200000 vehicles, electric public and private passenger vehicles more than 4.3 million vehicles.

According to each application domain electric car configuration requirements for charging infrastructure, the classification, from 2015 to 2020, need 3848 new buses fill in power station, the taxi charge in power station 2462, sanitation, logistics, such as special automobile charging station 2438, 4.3 million, official and private car users special charging pile city public charging stations 2397, distributed 500000 public charging pile, the inter-city fast charging station, 842.

In Beijing, tianjin, hebei, liaoning, shandong, Shanghai, jiangsu, zhejiang, anhui, fujian, guangdong, hainan, such as the electric car has good development foundation, fog governance task is heavier, the application conditions of the superior speed up the development of region, by 2020, to promote the electric car scale will reach 2.66 million units, need to fill in new power stations, 7400, 2.5 million charging piles.